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陈皮，为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的成熟干燥果皮，始载于《神农本草经》,为治疗痰湿之要药，同时也是药食同源食品的来源。随着陈皮新的化学成分及药理作用的不断被发现，对陈皮的化学成分与药理作用进行综述分析，结果发现陈皮中主要涉及黄酮类、生物碱类、三萜类、挥发油类等近几百余种成分，主要有抗炎、抗癌、抗肥胖、抗阿尔茨海默病(AD)、抗帕金森病(PD)、调节血管、保护骨骼、保护皮肤等药理作用；但仍存在部分问题，如陈皮中的化学成分与炮制理论“陈久者良”关系薄弱、与药理药效作用关系不紧密；且《中华人民共和国药典》关于陈皮陈化年份、陈化方式、陈皮炮制质量标准尚存在空白；药理作用机制与药效物质基础不甚清晰，大多为提取物。针对陈皮研究中存在的问题，提出有利于陈皮高质量发展的建议：应制定陈皮陈化的质量标准，深入揭示“陈久者良”科学内涵；明确陈皮发挥药效的物质基础，进一步挖掘清晰的药理作用机制研究；建立符合陈皮“陈化”特色的成分-炮制理论-储藏方式-产地-药效综合量化机制，以阐明陈皮最终药效作用的演变规律。以期为含有陈皮成分的新药研发与药效作用机制研究及功能性食品的开发提供科学依据。
Abstract：Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) is the mature and dry peel of Ju(Citrus reticulata Blanco) and its cultivated varieties. It was first recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing. It is an important medicine for the treatment of phlegm and dampness, and also a source of medicinal and edible food. With the discovery of new chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel),the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) were reviewed and analyzed. The results showed that Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) mainly involved flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, volatile oils and other nearly hundreds of components, mainly including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-Aizheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, regulating blood vessels, protecting bones, protecting skin and other pharmacological effects. However, there are still some problems, such as the weak relationship between the chemical components in Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) and the processing theory of long-term dried products with better quality, and the weak relationship between the chemical components and the pharmacological effects; there are still gaps in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia on the aging year, aging method and processing quality standard of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel). The pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis are not clear, most of which are extracts; in view of the problems existing in the research of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel),some suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel):the quality standard of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) aging should be formulated to reveal the scientific connotation of long-term dried products with better quality; to clarify the material basis of the efficacy of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel) and further explore the clear pharmacological mechanism; to establish a comprehensive quantitative mechanism of composition-processing theory-storage method-origin-efficacy in line with the characteristics of aging of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel),so as to clarify the evolution law of the final pharmacodynamic effect of Chenpi(dried tangerine peel). This paper aims to provide scientific basis for the research and development of new drugs containing Chenpi(dried tangerine peel),the study of pharmacodynamic mechanism and the development of functional foods.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2024.06.008
中图分类号:R284.1;R285
引用信息:
[1]关徐涛,杨鹤年,张津铖等.陈皮的化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].中华中医药学刊,2024,42(06):41-49+266.DOI:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2024.06.008.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划“战略性科技创新合作”重点专项(2020YFE0201800); 国家中医药管理局2022年度张仲景传承与创新专项(GZY-KJS-2022-0371-1); 河南省中医药管理局重点项目(20-21ZY1010); 河南省科技攻关项目(212102311136)