| 326 | 1 | 576 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
古典经脉理论的发展可分为两个阶段,西汉的初期经脉学说是建立在解剖结构和实证的基础之上,如文章25条证据所示,以“阴脉为动脉,阳脉似神经”为特征,同现代生物医学吻合度较高;以传世《内经》为代表的经脉理论继承了初期的解剖基础框架及大部分实证内容,同时引进了古代儒家思想和整体观及虚拟概念,扩展了临床范围,发展成为有明显人文医学特征的实用经脉理论。其主要特征是建立了“12经脉相连归属脏腑表里循环模型”,以兼顾实体和虚拟的结构、功能及临床应用。古典经脉学说的生命力,根植于古代医家对人体结构的深刻洞察和临床实用价值,重审其解剖本质和科学内涵,将推动传统医学与现代医学的深度融合及催生现代经脉理论。
Abstract:The development of classical meridian theory can be divided into two stages. The early meridian theory of the Western Han Dynasty was based on the anatomical structures and the empirical evidence, with the features of “Yin meridians as arteries and Yang meridians like nerves”. It has a high degree of consistency with modern biomedicine as shown in the 25 pieces of supporting evidence. The meridian theory represented by the handed-down Neijing inherits the early anatomical basic framework and most of the empirical content. While introducing the ancient Confucianism, the holistic views and the virtual concepts, it expands the clinical scope and develops into a practical meridian theory with obvious humanistic medical characteristics. Its main feature is the establishment of the “circulation model of 12 meridians connecting the Zang-Fu organs and the exterior and the interior”,which takes into account the physical and virtual structures and functions as well as the clinical applications. The vitality of the classical meridian theory is rooted in the ancient doctors' profound insight into the human body structures and the value of clinical application. Reexamining its anatomical basis and scientific connotation will promote the deep integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine and give birth to modern meridian theory.
[1] 马继兴.马王堆古医书考释[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1992:173-303.
[2] 高大伦.张家山汉简“脉书”校释[M].成都:成都出版社,1991:1-89.
[3] 成都文物考古研究院,荆州文物保护中心.天回医简(下)[M].北京:文物出版社,2023:41-47.
[4] 黄帝内经[M].刘从明,点教.北京:中医古籍出版社,2010:37-38.
[5] LI Y M.An unearthed medical slip reveals a rare vascular pathway or meridian described 2000 years ago[J].Med Acupunct,2024,36(6):337-342.
[6] 李经纬.中医大辞典[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1146.
[7] 李永明.汉代十一脉到十二经脉转变的解剖依据[J].中国针灸,2021,41(10):1153-1158.
[8] WHO.前十位死亡原因[EB/OL].[2025-3-8].https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.
[9] LIN P Y,SEBASTIN S J,ONO S,et al.A systematic review of outcomes of toe-to-thumb transfers for isolated traumatic thumb amputation[J].Hand(N Y),2011,6(3):235-243.
[10] 李永明.《天回医简》解惑第12脉[N].中国中医药报,2023-05-12(4).
[11] 难经·二十三难[EB/OL].[2025-3-8].https://www.gushicimingju.com/dianji/nanjing/7674.html.
[12] 李永明.经脉的科学依据及三部九候新释[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2021,41(10):1168-1173.
[13] SARNAT H G,NETSKY M G.Evolution of the nervous system[M].Oxford:Oxford U.Press,1974:2-50.
[14] WANG T.Evolution of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in vertebrates.InPrimer on the Autonomic Nervous System[M].Cambridge:Academic Press,2012:1-10.
[15] 李永明.针灸度量寸制的起源,混乱现状及标准化建议[J].中华中医药学刊,2023,41(10):19-23.
[16] GRANDE I,BERK M,BIRMAHER B,et al.Bipolar disorder[J].Lancet,2016,387(10027):1561-1572.
[17] LUCAS T,KUMARATILAKE J,HENNEBERG M.Recently increased prevalence of the human Median artery of the forearm:a microevolutionary change[J].J Anat,2020,237(4):623-631.
[18] LI Y M.Persistent Median artery may explain the transition from 11 to 12 meridians in ancient Chinese medicine[J].J Anat,2021,238(6):1442-1443.
[19] LI Y M.Three hand Yin meridians in ancient Chinese medicine were established initially based on arterial structures[J].J Anat,2021,238(6):1494-1496.
[20] 张岱年.中国哲学大辞典[M].修订本.上海:上海辞书出版社,2014:1247-1248.
[21] 马万禄.儒法斗争对我国古代医药学发展的影响[J].物理学报,1974,23(3):299-301.
[22] 东方传统文化研究院华夏文化研究所组织.中华法案大辞典[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,1992:66.
[23] 朱兵.系统针灸学——复兴“体表医学”[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:43-52.
[24] 李素云.论王清任的经络实质研究及其影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2011,17(5):2-4.
[25] 黄龙祥.中国针灸史图鉴[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2003.
[26] 朱琏.新针灸学[M].新1版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1954:12-16.
[27] 张立剑.朱琏与针灸[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:221-257.
[28] 李永明,陈波.一篇被反复错引的重要针灸文献及60年代初的穴位解剖研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2024,42(4):12-14.
[29] 姜凯采,李鼎,王铎,等.十二经循行部位及其穴位与人体结构关系的解剖观察[J].上海中医学院学报,1960(1):57-85.
[30] 孟昭威,祝总骧,胡翔龙.五年来我国经络现象研究的新进展[J].针刺研究,1984(3):207-211.
[31] 吕永广,姜洪洋,姜德华.经络与脊椎神经的相关性探讨[J].中国组织工程研究,1999,3(2):218-218.
[32] 马勤耘,潘朝宠,汪克明,等.经线-脏腑联系途径与神经肽类物质相关的研究[J].针刺研究,2000,25(2):117-120.
[33] 赵京生.经脉与脉诊的早期关系[J].南京中医药大学学报,2000,16(3):168-171.
[34] 张钦传.针灸和经络与植物神经关系研究概况[J].江西中医药,2001,32(4):38-39.
[35] 刘里远,彭安,潘娟,等.交感神经敏感线与经络实质[J].中国针灸,2001,21(5):29-33.
[36] 王永正,龚洪翰.脑功能活动磁共振成像与经络-中枢神经相关学说[J].实用临床医学,2002,3(4):133-134.
[37] 李炳文.经络系统与血液循环系统及神经系统关系的研究[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2003,12(15):1589-1590.
[38] 范郁山,姚春,曾绍球.经络与血管关系纵横谈[J].中医药学刊,2004,22(8):1541-1542.
[39] 赵晏.针灸经络的外周神经生物学机理探讨[J].针刺研究,2006,31(6):329.
[40] 罗燕.论古典经络功能系统与现代神经内分泌免疫网络学说的融通[J].河北中医,2007,29(4):343-344.
[41] 赵林立,印大中.告别“经络”,从植物神经生物学和动物神经进化看针灸的防病治病机理[J].生物物理学报,2009(S1):15-16.
[42] 李雄伟.经络就是血管和血管神经系统的总称[J].医学信息(上旬刊),2011,24(1):144-145.
[43] 廖育群.重构秦汉医学图像[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2012:20.
[44] 黄龙祥.新古典针灸学大纲[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2022:7-10.
基本信息:
DOI:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.01.003
中图分类号:R224
引用信息:
[1]李永明.古典经脉理论的两个阶段及阴阳脉的解剖科学内涵[J].中华中医药学刊,2026,44(01):13-19+264-265.DOI:10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2026.01.003.
2025-10-13
2025-10-13
2025-10-13